A wearable wireless controlled-release device as the next-generation personal protection against vector-borne diseases

Abstract

To address compliance issues with topical and spatial treatments and to improve protection against vectors, we present a wearable wireless device that integrates micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and electronics with advanced spatial repellents (SRs) as the next generation of personal protection. This platform, named the adaptive barrier controlled release device (AB-CRD), features Bluetooth connectivity and digital controls for the storage and selective release of SRs from multiple sealed reservoirs. Repellent release is initiated by discharging a capacitor to break a sealing membrane, allowing controlled diffusion. The AB-CRD was demonstrated in an in vitro assay against Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) as a proof of concept. Experimental results showed that dose escalation of a transfluthrin-based formulation produced increasing repellency, with mean values of 78%, 83%, and 88% for one, two, and three reservoirs, respectively. The AB-CRD represents a novel controlled-release platform for personal protection against vector bites, offering an efficient and adaptable solution.