Instituciones Educativas orientadas al Mercado
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Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
Abstract
El surgimiento de mercados educativos a nivel global ha transformado la oferta escolar.
Esto se ha visto reflejado en la creciente autonomía que han adquirido las escuelas de
gestión privada en los últimos 50 años que estimulan, a su vez, un libre juego entre la
oferta y la demanda. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es analizar las lógicas
de acción implementadas por instituciones educativas de nivel secundario de escuelas
de gestión estatal y privadas e identificar cuáles son aquellas lógicas que les permiten
posicionarse en la arena educativa local. Este trabajo de investigación responde a un
diseño metodológico de estudio de casos (Yin, 2003). Recurrimos al concepto teórico de
lógicas de acción (Van Zanten, 2009) para abordar los objetivos propuestos. Entre los
principales hallazgos destacamos: a) La relocalización como lógica predominante en
escuelas privadas; b) la competencia por los recursos también en el caso de la escuela
privada y c) el conjunto de lógicas posibles en función de los recursos estatales. Por
último, concluimos que un denominador común que se desprende de los estudios de
caso, son las lógicas de acción de las escuelas que apuntan a captar y retener matrícula
directa o indirectamente en función del margen que poseen para la toma de decisiones y
sus recursos. En este sentido, a diferencia de las escuelas de gestión privada que tiene
mayor margen de maniobra para la gestión de los recursos e implementación de lógicas
de acción, las escuelas de gestión estatal, con menor autonomía para el manejo de
recursos, quedan sujetas a su oferta pedagógica como la principal lógica de acción.
The emergence of educational markets at a global level has transformed the school offer. This has been reflected in the growing autonomy that private management schools have acquired in the last 50 years, which in turn stimulate a free interplay between supply and demand. The objective of this research work is to analyze the logics of action implemented by secondary level educational institutions of state and private schools and to identify the logics that allow them to position themselves in the local educational arena. This research work responds to a case study methodological design (Yin, 2003). We resort to the theoretical concept of logics of action (Van Zanten, 2009) to address the proposed objectives. Among the main findings we highlight: a) relocation as the predominant logic in private schools; b) competition for resources including the case of private schools and c) the set of possible logics based on state resources. Finally, we conclude that a common denominator that emerges from the case studies is the logic of action of the schools that aim to attract and retain enrollment directly or indirectly based on the margin they have for decision-making and their resources. In this sense, unlike private schools that have broader room for maneuver for the management of resources and implementation of their logics of action, state schools, with less autonomy for the management of resources, are subject to their pedagogical offer as the main logic of action.
The emergence of educational markets at a global level has transformed the school offer. This has been reflected in the growing autonomy that private management schools have acquired in the last 50 years, which in turn stimulate a free interplay between supply and demand. The objective of this research work is to analyze the logics of action implemented by secondary level educational institutions of state and private schools and to identify the logics that allow them to position themselves in the local educational arena. This research work responds to a case study methodological design (Yin, 2003). We resort to the theoretical concept of logics of action (Van Zanten, 2009) to address the proposed objectives. Among the main findings we highlight: a) relocation as the predominant logic in private schools; b) competition for resources including the case of private schools and c) the set of possible logics based on state resources. Finally, we conclude that a common denominator that emerges from the case studies is the logic of action of the schools that aim to attract and retain enrollment directly or indirectly based on the margin they have for decision-making and their resources. In this sense, unlike private schools that have broader room for maneuver for the management of resources and implementation of their logics of action, state schools, with less autonomy for the management of resources, are subject to their pedagogical offer as the main logic of action.
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Keywords
Economía de la educación, Economics of education, Enseñanza privada, Private education